For most consumers, life before bankruptcy is fraught with financial difficulties. It is important to remember that although bankruptcy is not the first resort, it is best not to wait too long to take action. If you are facing what seems to be insurmountable debt, contact an attorney at once in order to begin to formulate a plan of attack to win your financial freedom.
Discharge Your Debts
Through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, you may be able to discharge credit card debts, medical bills and most other types of consumer debt. To speak with an Illinois bankruptcy lawyer, contact Illini Legal Services.
To schedule a free consultation with an attorney at our firm, call 630-405-5027 or contact us by e-mail. We have been handing bankruptcy cases for more than 30 years.
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Frequently Asked Questions about Chapter 7
Q: How does Chapter 7 liquidation work?
A: In a Chapter 7 case, the debtor must relinquish his or her nonexempt property to a bankruptcy trustee, who then converts the property into cash by selling it and pays the debtor's creditors from the sale proceeds. In return, the debtor receives a Chapter 7 discharge of certain debts if he or she is eligible for such a discharge, pays the filing fee, completes a personal financial management course and obeys the court's directives.
Q: Are all debtors automatically eligible for a Chapter 7 discharge?
A: No. A debtor may not be eligible for a discharge under Chapter 7 if he or she has been granted a discharge in a Chapter 7 case within the last nine years. Debtors who engage in certain fraudulent conduct related to the bankruptcy or their financial situation also may not be eligible for discharge. In addition, if the debtor refuses to answer questions or obey orders of the bankruptcy court, the court may refuse to grant a discharge.
Chapter 7 - An Overview
Both individuals and businesses may find themselves with more debts than they can pay when due. In such cases, filing for bankruptcy may provide a solution to what seems like an insurmountable problem. Bankruptcy provides two basic forms of relief: (1) liquidation and (2) rehabilitation, also known as reorganization. Most bankruptcies filed in the United States involve liquidation, which is governed by Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. An attorney can advise individuals and businesses about whether Chapter 7 is the right choice for them. The bankruptcy lawyer's goals are to help Chapter 7 debtors make a fresh start and ensure that creditors are paid.
Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act
On April 20, 2005, President Bush signed the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 (BAPCPA), which instituted substantial changes to the Bankruptcy Code. Most provisions of BAPCPA became effective in October 2005. BAPCPA's provisions make it more difficult to file for Chapter 7 and impose many additional requirements on debtors in an effort to exclude debtors who can pay their creditors from Chapter 7. Under the amendments to Section 707(b), a bankruptcy case should be dismissed if the debtor is found to be "abusing" Chapter 7 relief. Prior to the BAPCPA, the word "substantially" was included immediately before "abuse" in the test. If you are considering filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have questions about whether you will qualify, talk to a bankruptcy lawyer.
Discharge Under Chapter 7
"Discharge" in the bankruptcy sense refers to clearing the debtor's slate of all, or most, past debts. Although many people expect that filing for bankruptcy will wipe out all of their debts, that is not always the case. Bankruptcy only discharges certain debts. The availability of discharge depends on the type of bankruptcy proceeding involved, who the debtor is and what type of debts the debtor has. An experienced bankruptcy attorney can advise clients about which debts will be discharged by a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and which debts will remain.
Exempt vs. Non-exempt Property Under Chapter 7
In a Chapter 7 liquidation case, the debtor must relinquish certain property to the bankruptcy trustee so that he or she can sell the property and use the proceeds to pay off debts. Property of the bankruptcy estate is broadly defined under Section 541 of the Bankruptcy Code. The estate is technically the legal owner of all the debtor's property and consists of all legal and equitable interests that the debtor has in property at the initiation of the bankruptcy case. Income that the debtor earns after the date of the petition is not included in the estate. Debtors, whether they are businesses or individuals, are often justifiably concerned about what property they will be allowed to keep and what they must give up. An experienced bankruptcy lawyer can answer these and other questions, allay fears and keep the process moving forward as painlessly as possible.
Alternatives to Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
The term "workout" is used to describe a non-bankruptcy negotiated modification of debt. More simply stated, a workout is an out-of-court agreement between a debtor and his or her creditors for repayment of the debts between them, which is negotiated without all the procedural complications — and perhaps the stigma — of the bankruptcy process. Lawyers experienced in bankruptcy and debtor-creditor law can advise both debtors and creditors on whether a non-bankruptcy workout is their best course of action.
Chapter 7 Resource Links
American Bankruptcy Institute Consumer Corner
General information regarding debt and bankruptcy.
United States Code — Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
The federal bankruptcy laws from Cornell University.
Legal Information Institute
A general overview of the topic of bankruptcy, along with state and federal materials, from Cornell University.
FindLaw Forms
Includes forms for local bankruptcy courts.
